遥感技术在全球环境变化研究中的作用

具有快速、多波段、周期性、大面积覆盖等观测能力的空间遥感技术,是全球环境变化研究中不可替代的重要手段。随着遥感技术在国际上的蓬勃发展,遥感技术在我国全球环境变化研究中也开始得到了广泛的应用。简述了遥感技术在我国土地覆盖、森林与草场、海洋调查与灾害监测方面的应用情况以及所取得的成果。这些研究为遥感技术在全球环境变化研究中的深入应用奠定了基础。     

Spatial-temporal Characteristics of Land Use Intensity of Coastal Zone in China During 2000–2010

Based on remote sensing and GIS techniques, land use maps in 2000, 2005 and 2010 in China′s coastal zone were produced, and structural raster data of land use were further generated to calculate land use intensity comprehensive index(LUICI) for analyzing land use spatial-temporal characteristics at 1 km scale. Results show that: 1) from the perspective of spatial patterns of landforms at a macro scale, there is a significant difference in land use intensity between the north and the south of China′s coastal zone. Hotspots of changes mainly concentrated in metropolitan areas, estuaries and coastal wetlands; 2) elevation is an important factor that controlling land use spatial patterns at local scale. Land use intensity is much higher within areas below the elevation of 400 m and it decreased significantly as the elevation increasing; 3) there is a significant land-ocean gradient for land use intensity, which is low in island and near-shore areas, but high in the regions that 4–30 km far away the coastline because of much intensive human activities; however, in recent decades land use intensity had been promoted significantly in low near-shore area due to extensive sea reclamations; 4) significant differences of land use intensity were also found among provincial administrative units. A rising trend of land use intensity was found in provincial-level administrative units from 2000 to 2010. To sum up, elevation, land-ocean gradient, socio-economic status and policy are all influencing factors to the spatial patterns and temporal variations of land use intensity in China′s coastal zone.     

基于影像和矢量数据的三调界线数据更新方法

针对第三次全国国土调查界线数据存在的拓扑不一致问题,基于影像和矢量数据,通过构建拓扑规则,对不同来源、不同时期的三调界线数据进行质量检查与更新,并针对更新中出现的11类特殊问题,分别给出了不同的处理方法.基于以上方法完成了第三次全国国土调查行政区域界线、零米线等矢量数据的更新工作.     

孔隙压力对煤岩基质解吸变形影响的试验研究

煤层气开采过程中,伴随着煤层气不断地吸附、解吸和渗流,煤体产生变形,极易导致煤和瓦斯突出事故。以晋城天地王坡煤矿为例,通过实验室内试验,模拟煤层气在复杂地层漫长的形成和逐渐开采过程,得到了孔隙压力与解吸量、应变的变化关系,并拟合得出其相应关系表达式,揭示了一些新的规律:(1)初期解吸速度较快,解吸量随时间的增长而不断增加,后期解吸速度减缓,解吸量逐渐趋于稳定;(2)孔隙压力与解吸量、应变呈现抛物线曲线关系,随孔隙压力的升高,吸附和膨胀变形占主导,其值均在增大;(3)存在最小孔隙压力值,随孔隙压力的增大,解吸时间增长,孔隙压力越小,吸附解吸规律越不明显,对于晋城天地王坡煤矿3#煤样,该值在1.0MPa左右;(4)不同加载方式对解吸量和变形量影响较大,先部分加载吸附后全部载荷解吸结果同比加全部载荷吸附解吸结果高13%～77%。试验结果可为煤层气(CBM)抽放安全和煤与瓦斯突出防治提供理论依据。     

海南福基田幔源辉石结构OH与氢氧同位素

采用IR光谱和质谱技术分析了海南福基田幔源巨晶和包体中辉石的结构羟基红外光谱和氢氧同位素。测试的所有巨晶普通辉石和包体中透辉石及顽火辉石均含结构OH,对比印证了国内外同类矿物的红外光谱特征。结构水质量分数分别是:普通辉石87×10-6~389×10-6;透辉石127×10-6~273×10-6;顽火辉石69×10-6~207×10-6。包体中结构水质量分数为1 811×10-6~5 377×10-6,平均为3 133×10-6。包体中辉石的氢氧同位素特征如下:透辉石的δ(D)为-123.17‰,顽火辉石的δ(D)为-132.04‰;透辉石的δ(18O)为5.96‰,顽火辉石的δ(18O)为5.60‰。实验和对比表明,辉石是海南福基田上地幔重要的"水储库",包体未受地壳成分污染,继承和保持了上地幔"富水贫氘"的特征。上述结果为该地区上地幔研究提供了结构水和氢氧同位素的基础资料。     

赣东北地区的区域成矿特征和成矿谱系

赣东北地区位于扬子、华夏两大构造单元复合部位,中、新生代受到北北东向滨西太平洋构造--成矿域强烈叠加作用,成矿地质条件优越、成矿期次多、成矿强度大、矿床类型多样。近年来区内找矿工作有了新突破,对内生金属矿床区域成矿规律的认识也有了新的进展。对照其大地构造单元笔者将赣东北地区划分成2个成矿带,7个成矿亚带,总结了4个主要成矿期,归纳出4大主要成矿系列,构建了区域矿床成矿谱系。     

Characteristics of sea ice kinematics from the marginal ice zone to the packed ice zone observed by buoys deployed during the 9th Chinese Arctic Expedition

Sea ice growth and consolidation play a significant role in heat and momentum exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean. However, few in situ observations of sea ice kinematics have been reported owing to difficulties of deployment of buoys in the marginal ice zone (MIZ). To investigate the characteristics of sea ice kinematics from MIZ to packed ice zone (PIZ), eight drifting buoys designed by Taiyuan University of Technology were deployed in the open water at the ice edge of the Canadian Basin. Sea ice near the buoy constantly increased as the buoy drifted, and the kinematics of the buoy changed as the buoy was frozen into the ice. This process can be determined using sea ice concentration, sea skin temperature, and drift speed of buoy together. Sea ice concentration data showed that buoys entered the PIZ in mid-October as the ice grew and consolidated around the buoys, with high amplitude, high frequency buoy motions almost ceasing. Our results confirmed that good correlation coefficient in monthly scale between buoy drift and the wind only happened in the ice zone. The correlation coefficient between buoys and wind was below 0.3 while the buoys were in open water. As buoys entered the ice zone, the buoy speed was normally distributed at wind speeds above 6 m/s. The buoy drifted mainly to the right of the wind within 45° at wind speeds above 8 m/s. During further consolidation of the ice in MIZ, the direct forcing on the ice through winds will be lessened. The correlation coefficient value increased to 0.9 in November, and gradually decreased to 0.7 in April.     

嫦娥三号导航相机测图能力分析及地形重建

基于立体相机成像模型并结合相机参数对嫦娥三号导航相机3维测图能力进行分析,利用摄影测量原理和误差传播定律对巡视器30 m范围内的DEM精度进行了理论分析,推导出导航相机立体影像获得的采样点精度公式,并绘制了DEM的平面精度图和高程精度图;同时使用多线程技术开发了基于导航相机立体影像的地形快速重建算法,利用多线程技术完成影像的特征匹配和密集匹配,并通过分块内插生成DEM。该技术应用于嫦娥三号任务中,有力地支持了嫦娥三号遥操作路径规划相关任务。     

Analysis on the law of occurrence of shallow geothermal energy in Zhoukou City of Henan Province,China

In this paper, through data collection and field investigation, the development and utilization status of shallow geothermal energy in Zhoukou urban area was discussed. Based on the analysis of hydrogeological conditions, rock and soil structure characteristics and field test research, the spatial distribution characteristics of rock and soil in the study area were summarized. The study shows that Zhoukou City is located in the alluvial plain of Huanghuai, and the loose deposits of river alluvial genesis range 0-200 m. These loose deposits and groundwater stored in their pores are the main carriers of shallow geothermal energy. In the central part of the Yinghe River in the middle of the study area, the aquifer thickness is within 200 m, the particle size is coarser, the water-bearing degree and recharge capacity is better. On this basis, the paper uses AHP to evaluate the suitability of shallow geothermal energy development and utilization to guide the rational development and utilization of shallow geothermal energy resources.